Official Terminology of Tournament Poker

3:   Official Terminology of Tournament Poker

Official betting terms are simple, unmistakable, time-honored declarations like: bet, raise, call, fold, check, all-in, pot (in pot-limit only), and complete. Regional terms may also meet this standard. The use of non-standard language is at player’s risk because it may result in a ruling other than what the player intended. It is the responsibility of players to make their intentions clear. See also Rules 40 & 49.

 -- POKER TOURNAMENT DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION
     Rules Version 2013 TDA Rules Version 1.1, released August 11, 2013

For instance the phrase "I'll put you all-in" is not a legal bet. If you are heads up and you want to raise to what a player has, then declare yourself all-in.

Player Responsibilities

2:   Player Responsibilities

Players are expected to verify registration data and seat assignments, protect their hands, make their intentions clear, follow the action, act in turn, defend their right to act, keep cards visible, keep chips correctly stacked, remain at the table with a live hand, speak up if they see a mistake being made, transfer tables promptly, follow one player to a hand, know and comply with the rules, follow proper etiquette, and generally contribute to an orderly tournament.

 -- POKER TOURNAMENT DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION
     Rules Version 2013 TDA Rules Version 1.1, released August 11, 2013

This rule says a lot.  The most used portion of this poker rule might be that the player is responsible to protect his own hand. Some people use a card protector for this purpose.

Overall the rule says "be nice". This is the origin of the F-bomb rule. There are dozens of "rules" and principles in poker that can be derived from this rule. Each poker room may apply this differently, but everyone is still about the same.

Floor Decisions

1:   Floor Decisions

Floorpeople must consider the best interest of the game and fairness as top priorities in the decision-making process. Unusual circumstances can on occasion dictate that decisions in the interest of fairness take priority over the technical rules. The floorperson’s decision is final.

 -- POKER TOURNAMENT DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION
     Rules Version 2013 TDA Rules Version 1.1, released August 11, 2013

Once this rule was the last rule on the list of WSOP rules. By popular demand of the players, this rule was moved to the top of the list. It is a very simple concept. The decision of the floor person, right or wrong, is the final word on the subject. Now move on with the game.

This helps the poker tournament move smoothly. This eliminates a debate on what a rule really means from holding up the poker tournament.

The rules can bend a little at the discretion of the floor.

Tournament Poker Rules Origins

Even though there are many different casino companies, you will find that all casinos play poker about the same way. Everyone knows the rules, or do they? Each casino company - even each casino - has small variations in the rules. And you would hope that when you play free bar poker you are using more or less the same rules as in a casino.

As it turns out a peer dealt game, as in bar poker, by necessity has some minor rule changes if for no other reason because there is no "staff" dealer at the table. And most bar poker games have a "chip up" when they color up chips rather than a "race off". But all in all, the rules of poker are basically the same for bar poker as for a casino.

So where do these poker rules come from? One of the earliest set of published casino poker rules is Robert Ciaffone's "Robert's Rules of Poker.  Bob Ciaffone setup several of the original poker rooms in casinos and was the man who set the poker rules to be used.

At some point, Linda Johnson - known as the first lady of poker - helped form the TDA (Tournament Director's Association) which now votes on and publishes poker tournament rules. The TDA has members form all the major casinos and they contribute to a standard set of rules you find everywhere.

So do you want to use the same rules as the WSOP (World Series of Poker)? Maybe you want to use the rules from the WPT (World Poker Tour)? Are you happy with Robert's Rules of Poker, or do you want to use the poker rules from the TDA?

For most people, all of these rules will be the same. There are some variances.  For instance at one time the WSOP rules said you had to be "in your seat" when you hand was dealt or you got mucked. The TDA said you had to be "at" your seat. What is the difference? Many players at the WSOP were in their seats, the waitress came by and the needed cash for a tip, so when they stood up to get some money, to tip the waitress, their hands got mucked.

For the next few posts, we will look at the Tournament Directors Association (TDA) rules of poker. Read on, you might learn something.

Max My Poker

As an experiment, I created a new web site called Max My Poker.  It is a solitary page of poker information and links.  It is the .info version.  I'll built a .com version another day with much more information.  There is not much poker content, but still there are links to 20 or so poker sites.

Try the site out and see what it offers.

The Problem with Points

Ok.  So everyone complains about points in the Red, White, and Blue Poker League.  Some of the problem is the league's fault, but some of the problem is the player's.  There are two strategies to resolve issues - one is to mention it to Robert.  He usually fixes a problem within a day or so.  The other way is to create four pages of rants on Facebook stating that it is the third day of the quarter and you only have enough attendance points for three days.

The biggest problem with points is in the computer trying to match up what people write or type.  Here are some examples from real life.  Sorry, I don't mean to embarrass anyone.

The database lists
Domingo Unknown
Domingo Aguilar

Here Domingo did not put in his last name the first time, so the computer added "Unknown".  You and I may know who Domingo is, though I can't recall how to spell is last name if he doesn't write it, but the computer just does a strict match on the way the full name is spelled.

Or how about
Ronnie Thomas
Ronnie Thomas Jr
When I type this into the computer, I sometimes forget if Ronnie is Jr or not.  It was easy until his son started playing, who is
Ronnie Thomas III
I was making a mistake and adding Jr when it should be without Jr.

Some people put in a number, and some people don't put in a member number.  In theory, when the computer finds a member number it looks up to see what the original registration name was and then uses that name.  And sometimes the computer does this, but basically no one puts there number in every time.

So the player who sometimes goes by Steve, and sometimes by Steven gets two different entries in the points list.

Then of course there is the Best Player in the League who uses ten different names to sign in with, two totally different names in the last week.

In summary, there are three sources for your points entry.  You can type attendance points in the computer sign-in, you can scribble your name on a paper sign-out or sign-in, or the computer can look up your original registration name.

Now as for how it actually works, the member numbers while important, are mainly used to look up your photo or other information.  Your points are calculated totally on how your name is spelled.

Blood Drive at the Casino

Recently, I found myself selling my blood to eat at the casino.

Technically, the Red Cross had a blood drive at the Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races.  Instead of a t-shirt, if you gave blood they gave you a free ticket to the Epic Buffet at the casino.  It was all you can eat crab leg night, so I gave it a try.

Just to let you know, I am not all that altruistic.  I think giving blood is a fine thing, but I did it for the crab legs, not for humanitarian reasons.  I happened to be at the Fleabag Motel across the street from the casino and noticed the blood drive on the casino's Facebook page.  I went in a little early before the poker room opened and gave blood and got a free meal.

The next blood drive will be Tuesday, September 28th from 10am - 4pm in the Skyline Ballroom.  Hope you can make it.

The Insanity of Her Poker Life

A fellow player decided to start a blog.  It's hard to do, to write something on a regular basis.  It talks about her ups and downs with poker, maybe she is mostly down this week.

Not that she has lost money, just that she is doubting her poker skills and is down on an emotional level with it.

I'd be more supportive, but I don't write on my blog either.  So months have passed... Like Natasha, I am still trying to figure it out.

Visit 7-10 offsuit and read Natasha's blog.  Join in on the fun.

Expanded Poker in Charles Town West Virginia

Starting Thursday, August 12, 2010, Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races will have expanded poker room hours.

The poker room will open every day at 1:00, and stay open until 4:00 am.  Not quite 24 hours yet, but they are moving in that direction.  Better yet, they will expand from 16 tables to 25 tables.  (The number would be 27, but they have two poker tables out on loan.  Expect to see the other two tables to appear soon.)

Apparently the waiting list is gone.  They will just open the poker room at 1:00 each afternoon and seat people directly.

In addition to current Omaha and  limit/no limit Texas Hold'em poker games, they have announced they will also have limit/pot-limit Omaha 8 or better and 7 card stud.

There is also a rumor of more tables, in another poker room that will be in addition to, not a replacement for the existing poker tables. There has also been visible construction on the cashier's cage in the upstairs poker room.  It should be ready soon.


My guess is the significant wait in the poker room is now over.

Secret to Winning at Poker

Over time everyone at the poker table will get good hands the same percentage of the time.

To win at poker you have to develop a strategy that does not depend on your getting the best cards.

While this won't work very often, here is what happened to me recently.  I was dealt four of clubs and two of clubs.  Probably should fold, but, hey, why not?  I might get a flush.  I might get a straight.  I could flop trip deuces or flop trip fours.  Who knows, maybe the moon is really made of green cheese?

I called the seven dollars along with five others for a total of six players.  The flop comes out, it's club, club, trash.  I flopped a four flush.  That gives me a 35% chance of making a flush by the river.  Everyone checks to me.  I can feel runner, runner for trip deuces coming my way.  Seizing on a free card for my draw, I check.

The turn is a seven.  Everyone checks.  That extra club is out there somewhere.  I just know I'm going to win this pot one way or another.   But there is not much money there.  Only the $42 for the preflop bets.  I figure I better get some money in the pot - and of course push some people out of the hand.

I bet $20.  Everyone calls me.  I mean all of them with no hesitation.  I checked the flush draw, I guess I'm representing a pair of sevens.  This must mean everyone thinks they can beat a pair of zevens.  Technically what I doing is a bluff, maybe I will soon be "bluffing" a semi-bluff.  I am hoping to improve my hand, but my hand is so bad I'm playing the board at this point.

The river is another seven.  That's it for me, I have nothing.  Everyone checks to me.  But wait, if I was representing a pair of sevens, I am now representing a set of sevens.  Not a bad hand.  Without hesitation I quickly bet $40.

Everyone folds.  And I pull in a $162 pot with nothing.  I am sure that everyone had my four high beat.

You have to develop a way to win without having the best hand.

Tourney vs. Ring - Differences in Poker

Difference number two in tournaments vs. ring games is in when you can get up from the table.

In a poker tournament you play until your last chip is gone.  In a ring game your chips have actual value and you can leave at any time.  If you are having a bad day just get up from the table and go home with what is left of your chips.

It is one way to stop your losses.

Tournaments vs. Ring Games - Differences

The truth be told, I've only played ring games (aka cash games) once in the past two years prior to the casino in Charles Town opening this month.  I've been playing tournaments.  I play a lot of tournaments.

It's not quite the same.  Now that I am getting heavy into cash games, I am seeing differences.  I always knew they were there, but I wasn't sure I could verbalize the differences in the past.

In a tournament you play with your stack of chips.  In a ring game your stack takes on a different role and you play not with your stack, but with your bankroll.  There are a lot of implications.  If you have a short stack, but a large bankroll, then you can call large bets with good pot odds risking only your stack, not your bankroll.  The differences really increase if you are short stacked.

Take for instance you buy in with $100 at the $1/$2 no limit game.  You put in $6 for time (rake), $2 to post to get in the hand, and then call a $12 preflop bet.  Your $100 buy in is down to $80.  You hit the flop the bet is $20, pot odds say you need to call this.  You do.

If that $100 is all you have then you are practically finished at this point.  You have $60 left.  The turn is a $40 bet, you are still on a draw.  You call.  Five people total are in the pot.  The pot is now $72 * 5 = $360.  All you have left is $20.

There is no bet that would not give you fantastic pot odds on the river.  You have 18:1 odds no matter what the bet is because you are loss limited to your original $100.

If you lose, just dig into your bankroll and pull another $100 out.  If you win, you more than $360.

Getting Felted

I enjoy slow playing trips.  But it doesn't always work out.

Recently at the Hollywood Casino in Charles Town, WV, I flopped trips and slow played them only to lose to a straight on the river.  It was a big pot, in fact all the chips I had.  I looked down after the hand and saw no chips, only felt.

I bought back in and started playing poker again.

Losing all of your chips in a hand is as natural as breathing.  There is no reason to get upset about being felted.  It's part of the variance of playing poker.  Was I wise in my decisions?  Maybe not.  As time at the table passed, I got trips on the flop again.  You have to love those pocket pairs.  I slow played again.  Once agaon the river bit me.  I lost to a flush, but not all of my chips.

I kept playing and won back the chips I lost, then won back my original buy-in.  Then at some point in the wee hours of the morning I stood up with a profit for the day, despite my former losses.

The Illegal Immigrants of Poker

A Poker League is a microcosm of the world.

We have our doctors and lawyers.  They are, well, doctors and lawyers.  We have blue collars workers, white collar workers, and all types.  All are welcome.  It is a mix of society in our league.

We have our Illegal Immigrants too.  They don't distinguish themselves by being from another country.  They don't distinguish themselves by being part of a different race of people.  They are just the influx of poker players coming to us from another league.  A poker league whose economy has failed.  These displaced huddled masses of poker players want to come into our territory and use up our resources, since their actions and their leagues management's actions have bankrupted their poker economy and they have nowhere to go.

I'll let them in on a little secret.  The restaurants don't host poker games to find out who is the poker champ, they host games to sell beer and liquor.  If the poker players don't make purchases, then the economy collapses and there is no more poker.  As Ezra Pound proffers in his various writings, man's motivation is pecuniary in nature.

Don't let it happen to you.  Don't hurry up and eat dinner so you can get to the poker tournament, come to the venue to have dinner when you play poker. Buy a few drinks, but drink responsibly.  Come with someone else so someone can drive you home if need be.  And remember to tip your waitress.  If you are there for six hours, don't leave a dollar.  Make it worth her while to serve you.

And don't let your poker venue's economy collapse.

Tethering with Bluetooth

Many of the venues I play bar poker in have free WiFi, but some don't.  When I'm out of the game I like to surf the web, or while running a tournament update the points or get an online email going.  Without access to Wifi, I can't do it.

Tethering is the process of connecting your cellphone to your laptop to allow for internet access from the phone.  It's a way of hacking into things for some people.  For others, it's a seldom known feature of the phone.  For instance, on Boost mobile unlimited internet access is included in the flat monthly fee of $50.  Once tethered, you can have unlimited internet for your laptop.

I should say that with Boost, it's an IDEN network and you have a theoretical limit of 19.2K for speed.  Cable modems tend to be around 3,000K.  It won't let you stream movies, but will allow for checking email in Eudora or running a telent session with PuTTY  I will of course have to give online poker a go with it..

All I had to do was find the correct driver file and install it on my laptop.  Or, maybe not.  Apparently tethering is a more or less built in feature of a bluetooth adapter for your laptop.  So I went to Best Buy and bought a Bluetooth adpater.  For five dollars more I got the low profile version.  Around $35.

Arriving a bit early for Thursday lunch at Tommy's Place, I eagerly opened my package and why was I surprised to find a CD with the driver.  My netbook computer does not have a CD reader in it.  So after lunch I went to the RocketFish website and downloaded the install package.  A few minutes later I was connected to the internet via my cellphone.  It works.

I'm looking forward to trying it out when I am at a venue without WiFi.  Or maybe when I'm in Atlantic City and don't want to pay $12/day for Internet access.

Top Ten Ways to Get Your Points Correct

I really hate to write reactionary items, but here it is.  Letterman's Top Ten List of How to keep your Poker Points from being wrong.

1. If you have a name like "David" sometimes sign in as "Dave" other times like "David".
2. If your last name has lots of vowels and does not roll off the toungue well, scribble your name and make it hard for the data entry person to read.  They don't need to use all the vowels.
3. On the new member registration form, sign up with a last name of just "R", then sign out using the last name of "Arugula" or "Tavern". With so many different names, you are sure to get your points straight.
4. Sign up on the new member registration form with what is on your birth certificate despite that no one, not even your Mother, has ever called you that  Then sign out at the Winners table with the name "Bubba".
5. Who needs a member number anyway?
6. Name your children the same name as yourself.  And make sure it was your Dad who made you, the older one, Junior.
7. Don't use your last name when you sign in and out.  How many Roberts or Johns or Steves can there be?
8. Don't tell Robert you think your points are wrong.  Just post public messages about what a bad job he does.
9. When you realize the quarter has reset the points, pretend you knew it all along.
10. Don't use your member number.  Whenever you complain about your points being wrong and Robert re-sends you your number number, just ignore him.

Poker Rules

Recently I was asked the question "In the Red, White, and Blue Poker League tournaments, do you use the same rules as the World Series of Poker?"

The actual situation was that I was chipping up players, I needed to move someone to balance tables, I had a handful of chip racks and I was walking by when someone stopped me and asked a question about how to apply a particular poker rule in the current hand. I don't recall the actual question, but this got several people all asking me questions at once and culminated in a non player who was standing near the table asking first if the poker rules are on the website, and secondly if we use the WSOP rules.

The situation was hectic, confusing, and it was clear to me that he was not going to get the answer he wanted, so I suggested we have the conversation another time. I could not understand what he was looking for and hoped to resolve it later.  It didn't happen that way.  :)

But, the concept of poker rules is of interest to many players.  I'd be happy to provide an answer, but I am just not sure of the question.

The answer to the question - Do we use WSOP rules is difficult to answer because it is a badly worded question.  Do we?  Of course not.  No bar poker game does.  The WSOP rules rely upon dealers and multiple floor personnel.  So do we use the WSOP rules?  Yes, of course we do.  Most bar poker games, the well run ones anyway, use the WSOP rules.

Everyone knows there are very clear rules of poker, and all rules are the same.  Everyone knows that every organization that runs poker tournaments has rules that vary slightly from the next place.  So all rules are different.

So do we use the WSOP rules?  An answer is that when a rule has a variance between the WSOP version of the rule and the WPT version of the rule, we tend to use the WSOP implementation of the rule.  I actually don't know of any variances, but if someone were to bring it to my attention in a contested situation I would lean towards the WSOP version rather than the WPT version.

What I am trying to say is that the actual question, do we use the WSOP rules has little validity unless it is put into context. We use generally accepted poker rules, such as are found in casinos.

Casino poker rules were originally standardized by Bob Ciaffone who setup several major card rooms.  Bob Ciaffone wrote a 38 page document is entitled Robert's Rules of Poker which borrows it's name from Robert's Rules of Order (used as the parliamentary authority for deliberative procedure.)


All the casinos then have their own implementation of the rules.  Harrah's, Showboat, Caesars, and Bally's are all owned by Harrah's Entertainment, as is the WSOP.  The rules vary slightly from Harrah's/Showboat to Caesars/Bally's and then to the WSOP.  On top of all this is the Tournament Directors Association (TDA) which votes on and publishes it's own set of poker rules.


But this is not the gobblygook you were looking for.  You want something solid to go home with.


Our tournaments differ from WSOP rules in the following:

• We do not have assigned dealers for each table.
• We "chip-up" rather than "race-off" chips to remove them from the table.
• We allow blinds to stand if they have been posted.  Casinos do not allow this.
• We have no roped off area that the spectators must stand behind, we allow them to watch the table.
• The deal is done by drawing cards at each individual table, not a single deal for high card.
• Seats are not assigned in our tournaments.
• Recent WSOP rules require a player to be SITTING in his seat, not standing next to it for his hand to be live. The TDA has voted against this.  Our rule is you look around, if you don't see the player, you may fold him.
• A bet is chips in front of your cards.  In the WSOP it is chips past the betting line. In some casinos it is chips in front of your cards.
• We take a constrictive view on the two page WSOP F-bomb rule, but adopt a lenient implementation of the penalties.  The WSOP is more constrictive on their televised tables and less constrictive in general play.  The WSOP uses a penalty of time, the TDA uses a penalty of rounds.  We penalize in rounds.

I'm sure there are a hundred or so other variances, but I'm not going to list them all here.
So an answer is yes, as long as you accept the hundred or so ways our rules are not the same as the WSOP, we play by exactly the same rules as the WSOP.

Playing Pocket Threes

In a recent bar poker game, I decided to sit down and play to win.  The chips started coming my way, and then I got dealt pocket threes, also known as crabs.

A low pair is the sort of thing people debate on whether or not to play.  Pocket threes as it turns out, are a Sklansky Group 7 starting hand.  This means they are playable in late position with no previous raiser.  The book says to fold small pocket pairs when in early or middle position.

The actual odds of winning with a wired pair of threes preflop is about 13% at an eight person table, or about 1 to 6.4.  Once you narrow it down to five people in the hand, the odds improve to about 1 to 4.25.  With 400 in the pot, my call of 100 is pot odds of 4 to 1.  This is not exactly stellar expected value (EV), but I called anyway.

The trick is that if you flop a set, no one sees you coming.  When you do flop a set, the implied pot odds are enormous.  With a flop of say, AK3, the players with high face cards will fall over themselves to bet their pair or two pair while I'm holding back a grin and looking at my set of threes. While the guy betting Big Slick thinks he has hit paydirt, I've trapped him and will be taking all his chips.

The odds of flopping a set are about 7:1.  That means that once out of every eight flops with a pocket pair, I get trips.  The flop came and was 773.  As it turn out, I flopped a boat.

So the betting goes on and on.  Before long everyone is all in. There is not much chance of me losing the hand.  When we have our showdown I proudly turn over my boat.  The flush loses to me.  The other guy had a pocket pair as well - pocket sevens.  He flopped quads.

Phil Hellmuth is credited with saying 

I guess if there weren't luck involved, I'd win every time.

Poker and the Nash Equilibrium

A natural strategy in poker as in any other situation is to play to win.  But is this always the best strategy?

How to play against an All-In
When a player goes all in in a poker tournament, there are two basic strategies that the other players use. Well, the other players who choose not to fold.  There is the

• let's check it down strategy, and 
• the isolate strategy.

Check It Down
Some people say there is a gentleman's agreement in poker where they check it down.  First of all, let's get it straight.  When you play poker, there is nothing gentlemanly about taking one guy's car payment so you can pay your mortgage.  There is no rule that exists to say you don't bet when someone else goes all-in.

Isolation
Another common thing seen at the poker table is a later player making a big bet, or a raise to isolate the other players out of the hand to transform the play into heads up.  Some believe this improves the raiser's chances as with less players they are more likely to win the pot.  This shows an insight into the math of poker.  Others call this same act protection.  These people either have heard someone else call it this, or the have an even better understanding of the math at play here.

The Natural Strategy
A natural strategy is that greed is good. The poker player pursues his own self interest, the pursuit of chips.  This theory is espoused by economist Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations (1776), saying "by pursuing his own interest, [the individual] frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he intends to promote it."  This is the good old American Dream.  Win the chips and the world is a better place.

The Nash Equilibrium
John Forbes Nash is a Mathematician who won the 1994 Pulitzer Prize in Economics for a bargaining strategy known as the Nash Equilibrium.  His life was fictionalized in the movie A Beautiful Mind.  Nash noted that if everyone is out for themselves then sometimes everyone is playing a sub par strategy.  A Nash Equilibrium exists when each player plays his best response to the situation. In Nash's theory, each player has some understanding of what the other player might do.

Nash's theories turned traditional economics upside down, but have been very useful in a variety of game theory applications. Nash's theories suggest what if by pursuing your own self interest you may get less, but by pursuing the greater good you get more.  In practice we see this in trade cartels and shared standards (VHS vs. Betamax)

Applying this to the all-in move in poker involves stepping back for a moment.  What is your goal?  Is your goal, in a tournament, to acquire chips, or is your goal in a tournament to eliminate players?  Utilizing Nash's theory a player can postulate that he wins in the long run if he gives up chips in this all-in hand.

The Downside to Isolation
Suppose the player who goes all-in preflop has pocket Aces.  If nine players at a ten person table call him, he then has a 31% chance of winning against the nine random hands.  If the isolation succeeds and transforms this into heads up, the the all-in jumps to an 86.4% chance of winning with his pocket Aces.  The raiser has indeed improved his chances of winning, but at the same time he has improved the all-in's chance of winning.

By isolating, the raiser purses the American Dream by attempting to win more chips.  The downside is that the all-in was 2:1 favorite to lose the hand, but now is a 6:1 favorite to win.

The Equilibrium
The optimal strategy that cannot be improved upon is for all players to not bet after the all-in.  To, in practice, check it down.  By giving up the direct pursuit of chips then all players benefit against the all-in by providing the best chance of eliminating him from the game.

Variations on a Theme
Mathematically, the only situation where it makes sense to bet is when you have (flop) the nuts.  If you have the true nuts, then you do not have to be concerned about the all-in NOT being eliminated.

Collusion Warning
If everyone just happens to adopt a strategy of checking it down then that is fine and that is legal.  But as soon as someone asks the group about checking it down, then collusion is occurring and the rules of poker have been broken.

In conclusion, follow the math.  Don't bet against an all-in.

Winning by Losing in Poker

I haven't played poker much the last month, except for a few online tournaments.  However, I sat down and played a bar poker tournament a few days ago.  There was a particular hand that I want to share - it involved pot odds.  I may not have the details correct in my memory, but the pot odds principle is there.

To be honest, I wasn't really playing at first.  I was running a tournament that started small and an extra player was needed at the table.  So I sat down and played.  Without any real desire to win, I just bleed chips to the other players until almost all of mine were gone.

Then I realized, why not?  I should go on and win this thing.  So, I started playing in earnest.

A pivotal moment came where I was the big blind for 4,000 chips.  A guy in middle position raised to 8,000.  There were three players who called.  It was on me. My cards really weren't that good.  I didn't even need to be in the hand.

The pot was now 36,000; I had to call 4,000.  That gave me 9:1 pot odds.  With those pot odds, I really wanted to call, so I pushed in my extra 4,000 in chips.  The flop came.

I almost laughed.  The pot was 40,000.  I had just flopped an open ended straight  My odds of catching one of my four outs was 31.5%, or about 1:2.  Trying to keep a straight face and failing, I blurted out to the original raiser "There is nothing you can bet that will not give me good pot odds."

After the flop, you want to make a big bet that destroys a person's pot odds and keeps him out of the hand when he has a draw.  On a 40,000 pot I'd call 100 (an impossible bet here) even if I had nothing at all and no chance for a draw.  40:1 pot odds would be too much enticement.  But even if he had 40K in chips, I'd have to call - that would give me 2:1 pot odds, a break even point.  If someone else called, my pot odds woudl be even higher.

So the original raiser opened for 10K.  That gave me 4:1 pot odds, and since two more players went in, it gave me a 70K pot I needed 10K to call.  With 7:1 pot odds, and 1:2 odds of making my hand the "pot odds" were dictating that I call.

Work it out.  Over time I will lose two out of every three hands like this I play.  So I am far more likely to lose than to win.  But by playing a hand that loses, my chip stack will grow.  If I play the hand 100 times, at a cost of 10,000 to call on the flop, it will cost me 10K * 100 = 1,000K chips.  If I win 1/3 of the time, I win one third of 80K * 100, or about 8,000K / 3 = 2,666K chips (the actual amount is 8,000K * 31.5% = 2,520K chips)

For 100 such hands, my win of 2,520 chips, less my cost of 1,000K chips equals a profit of 1,520K chips, or 15K chips per hand.  To put in terms of mathematical expectation, I "expect" to win 15K in chips every hand, whether I win the pot or not.  How can I not call?

This is what pot odds are and how they are played.

Just to note, since this would have bankrupted me if I had lost, which I was favored to do in a one hand situation, stack management is important to consider as well as pot odds.  Always call when in a cash game, but for tournaments it is a gamble.  But I gambled, and won.

Just remember, it is important to know the math.